نقش مکان و سرمایه فکری در دستیابی به مزیت رقابتی و ارتقاء عملکرد کسب و کارهای کوچک پوشاک

نوع مقاله : مدیریت استراتژیک (برنامه­‌ها، تحلیل‌های استراتژیکی تولید، استراتژی‌های بازاریابی و مدیریت بازار، کسب­وکار، سرمایه گذاری، منابع انسانی، مالی، رقابت، . . . )

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر پسادکتری مدیریت بازرگانی دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 استاد دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

امروزه دستیابی به مزیت رقابتی به عنوان یکی از مهم­ترین گام­های اولیه شرکت­ها برای ورود به بازارها و گسترش فعالیت­های خود و موفقیت در این بازارها محسوب می­شود. از طرفی، با افزایش رقابت­پذیری بین شرکت­ها، توجه به مزیت رقابتی به ویژه در کسب­کارهای کوچک افزایش پیدا کرده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف مطالعه و بررسی تأثیر مکان بر مزیت رقابتی از طریق نقش میانجی سرمایه فکری (سرمایه انسانی، ساختاری و ارتباطی) در میان کسب­و­کارهای کوچک پوشاک انجام پذیرفته است. تحقیق از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از لحاظ روش تحقیق و نحوه گردآوری ­داده­ها، از نوع توصیفی- پیمایشی می­باشد. جامعه آماری مشتمل بر کسب­وکارهای کوچک پوشاک بود که تعداد 400 پرسشنامه استاندارد که برای روایی آن از روایی صوری و همچنین برای پایایی آن از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شده بود، به شیوه نمونه­گیری در دسترس در میان شرکت­ها توزیع شد که از این تعداد تنها 363 پرسشنامه مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. از رویکرد مدل­سازی معادلات ساختاری مبتنی بر کواریانس برای بررسی فرضیه­ها و تأیید مدل مفهومی تحقیق استفاده شده است. نتایج به دست آمده نشان می­دهد، مکان بر سرمایه انسانی، ساختاری، ارتباطی و مزیت رقابتی تأثیر مثبت معناداری دارد، همچنین ابعاد سرمایه فکری نیز تاثیر مثبت معناداری بر مزیت رقابتی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of Place and Intellectual Capital in Achieving Competitive Advantage and Improving Performance of Clothing Small Businesses

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Dehghani Soltani 1
  • Adel Azar 2
1 Postdoctoral Researcher of Business management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Faculty of Ecomomics and Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Today, achieving competitive advantage is considered as one of the most important initial steps for companies to enter the markets and expand their activities and success in these markets. On the other hand, with increasing competitiveness among companies, attention to competitive advantage has increased, especially in small businesses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of place on competitive advantage through the mediating role of intellectual capital (human, structural and communication capital) among small clothing businesses. The research is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive - survey in terms of the method of research and the method of data collection. The statistical population consisted of small scale clothing businesses that 400 standard questionnaire, used for its validity of formal validity as well as Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for its reliability, and it was distributed among the companies using the available sampling method, of which only 363 questionnaires were analyzed A covariance-based structural equation modeling approach has been used to test the hypotheses and validate the conceptual model of the research. The results show that Place has a significant positive effect on human capital, structural; communication and competitive advantage, as well as intellectual capital dimensions have a significant positive effect on competitive advantage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Place
  • Competitive Advantage
  • Intellectual Capital
  • Small Business
  • Strategic Plan of Clothing Industry
Adesina, K.S. (2019). Bank technical, allocative and cost efficiencies in Africa: The influence of intellectual capital. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 48, 419-433.
Aminu, M.I. & Mahmood, R. (2015). Mediating Role of Dynamic Capabilities on the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Performance : A Hierarchical Component Model Perspective in PLS-SEM Path Modeling. Research Journal of Business Management, 9(3), 1-14.
Aysan, A.F. & Disli, M. (2019). Small business lending and credit risk: Granger causality evidence. Economic Modelling, 83, 245-255.
Bagheri, S.M., Latifi, S. & Mohseni Melerdi, S. (2018). The Impact of Market Orientation on Organizational Performance within the Competitive Advantage Framework in SMEs: A Case Study of the Complex of Industrial Parks in Mazandaran Province. Journal of Business Administration Researches, 10(19), 169-187. (In Persian)
Barbosa, M., Castaneda-Ayarza, J.A. & Lombardo Ferreira, D.H. (2020). Sustainable Strategic Management (GES): Sustainability in small business. Journal of Cleaner Production, 258, 22-34.
Brettel, M., Mauer, R., Engelen, A. & Küpper, D. (2012). Corporate effectuation: Entrepreneurial action and its impact on R&D project performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 27(2), 167-184.
Bruhn, B.M., Karlan, D. & Schoar, A. (2010). What Capital is Missing in Developing Countries?. American Economic Review: Papers & Proceedings, 100, 629-633.
Campbell, J.M. & Park, J. (2017). Extending the resource-based view: Effects of strategic orientation toward community on small business performance. Journal of Retaling and Consumer Services, 34, 302-308.
Cao, G., Duan, Y. & Cadden, T. (2019). The link between information processing capability and competitive advantage mediated through decision-making effectiveness. International Journal of Information Management, 44, 121-131.
Cardoso, H.H.R., Gancalves, A.D., de Carvalho, G.D.G. & de Carvalho, H.G. (2020). Evaluating innovation development among Brazilian micro and small businesses in view of management level: Insights from the local innovation agents program. Evaluation and Program Planning, 80, 10-20.
Chiu, C.N. & Yang, C.L. (2019). Competitive advantage and simultaneous mutual influences between information technology adoption and service innovation: Moderating effects of environmental factors. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 49, 192-205.
Cope, J., Jack, S. & Rose, M.B. (2007). Social Capital and Entrepreneurship: An Introduction. International Small Business Journal, 25(3), 213-219.
Cortes, K.R., Demyanyk, Y., Lei, L., Loutskina, E. & Strahan, P.E. (2020). Stress tests and small business lending. Journal of Financial Economics, 136(1), 260-279.
Dehghani Sltani, M., Shou, A. & Ramezani, A. (2019). Investigating Environmental Value and Green Image Supposed Effects on the Word of Mouth Advertising Tendency by Explaining Green Trust and Willingness to Pay Roles through the SOR Model Framework. Journal of Business Management, 11(4), 804-824. (In Persian)
Depken, D. & Zeman, C. (2018). Small business challenges and the triple bottom line, TBL: Needs assessment in a Midwest State, U.S.A. Technological Forecasting and Social Chage, 135, 44-50.
Dubois, A. (2016). Transnationalising entrepreneurship in a peripheral region - The translocal embeddedness paradigm. Journal of Rural Studies, 46, 1-11.
Esmaeilpour, M., Kamyab Kelashni, A. & Dokuhaki, S. (2017). Investigating the effect of dimensions of intellectual capital and internal marketing on competitive advantage according to the mediating role of employee job satisfaction. Journal of Tomorrow Management, 16, 177-190. (In Persian)
Eijdenberg, E.L., Paas, L.J. & Masurel, E. (2015). Entrepreneurial motivation and small business growth in Rwanda. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 7(3), 212-240.
Eijdenberg, E.L., Paas, L.J. & Masurel, E. (2017). Decision-making and small business growth in Burundi. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 9(1), 35-64.
Falciola, J., Jansen, M. & Rollo, V. (2020). Defining firm competitiveness: A multidimensional framework. World Development, 129, 1-8.
Ferreira, J.J.M., Fernandes, C.I. & Raposo, M.L. (2015). The Effects of Location on Firm Innovation Capacity. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer US, 1-20.
Feiz, D., Dehghani Soltani, M., & Farsizadeh, H. (2019). The effect of knowledge sharing on the psychological empowerment in higher education mediated by organizational memory. Studies in Higher Education, 44(1), 1-18.
Feiz, D., Motameni, A., Kordnaeij, A., Zarei, A. & Dehghani Soltani, M. (2017). The Impact of Brand Performance on Brand Competitiveness with Clarifying the role of Technological Opportunism. Public Management Researches, 10(35), 159-182. (In Persian)
F-Jardon, C.M. & Pagani, R.N. (2016). Is collective efficiency in subsistence clusters a growth strategy ? The case of the wood industry in Obert , Argentina. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 11(2), 1-24.
Gans, H.J. (2002). The Sociology of Space: A Use-Centered View. City and Community, 1(4), 329-339.
Ghlichlee, B., Mirzaei, F. & Rahmatee, H. (2017). Effect of Intellectual Capital on Innovation Capacity and Competitive Advantage in SME's. Journal of Industrial Management Perspective, 7(3), 105-126. (In Persian)
Gill, A. & Mand, H.S. (2013). Barriers to the growth of small business firms in India. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 10(1), 346-373.
Gilboa, S., Seger-Guttmann, T. & Mimran, O. (2019). The unique role of relationship marketing in small businesses’ customer experience. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 51, 152-164.
Grant, R.M. (2005). Contemporary Strategy Analysis, Fifth., John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Greenberg, Z., Farja, Y. & Gimmon, E. (2018). Embeddedness and growth of small businesses in rural regions. Journal of Rural, Studies, 62, 174-182.
Gronum, S., Verreynne, M.-L. & Kastelle, T. (2012). The Role of Networks in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Innovation and Firm Performance. Journal of Small Business Management, 50(2), 257-282.
Gustafson, P. (2001). Meanings of Place: Everyday Experience and Theoretical Conceptualizations. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(1), 5-16.
Hamelin, A. (2011). Small business groups enhance performance and promote stability, not expropriation. Evidence from French SMEs. Journal of Banking & Finance, 35(3), 613-626.
Huggins, R. & Thompson, P. (2012). Well-being and competitiveness: Are the two linked at a place-based level?. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 5(1), 45-60.
Jardon, C.M. & Martos, M.S. (2012). Intellectual capital as competitive advantage in emerging clusters in Latin America. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 13(4), 457-484.
Jardon, C. & Tanski, N. (2018). Place-based competitiveness in subsistence small businesses. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economicies, 10(1), 23-41.
Kirkwood, J. (2009). To grow or not? Growing small service firms. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 16, 485-503.
Kolk, A., Rivera-Santos, M. & Rufin, C. (2013). Reviewing a Decade of Research on the ‘Base/Bottom of the Pyramid’ (BOP) Concept. Business & Society, 53(3), 338-377.
Kuhn, K.M., Galloway, T.L. & Collins-Williams, M. (2017). Simply the best: An exploration of advice that small business owners value. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 8, 33-40.
Kumar, R., K. Singh, R. & Shankar, R. (2014). Strategy development by Indian SMEs for improving coordination in supply chain. Competitiveness Review, 24(5), 414-432.
Lee, Y.S. (2018). Government guaranteed small business loans and regional growth. Journal of Business Venturnig, 33(1), 70-83.
Lim, T. (2018). Housing as collateral, financial constraints, and small businesses. Review of Economic Dynamic, 30, 68-85.
Liu, C.H. & Jiang, J.f. (2020). Assessing the moderating roles of brand equity, intellectual capital and social capital in Chinese luxury hotels. Journal of Hospitalty Tourism Management, 43, 139-148.
London, T., Anupindi, R. & Sheth, S. (2010). Creating mutual value: Lessons learned from ventures serving base of the pyramid producers. Journal of Business Research, 63(6), 582-594.
Marttn-de-Castro, G., Delgado-Verde, M., Lَpez-Sjez, P. & Navas-Lَpez, J.E. (2010). Towards ‘An Intellectual Capital-Based View of the Firm’: Origins and Nature. Journal of Business Ethics, 98(4), 649-662.
McDowell, W.C., Harris, M.L. & Geho, P.R. (2016). Longevity in small business: The effect of maturity on strategic focus and business performance. Journal of Business Research, 69(5), 1904-1908.
Mcdowell, W.C., Peake, W.O., Coder, L. & Harris, M.L. (2018). Building small firm performance through intellectual capital development: Exploring innovation as the “black box”. Journal of Business Research, 88, 321-327.
Mohamadian, M., Allahverdi, M. & Salimi, A. (2013). The impact of export market orientation and competitive advantage on export performance (case study: The Study of Exemplary Exporters of Iran Selected in 2012. Journal of Business Management, 4(5), 61-78. (In Persian)
Mohsenin, E. & Esfidani,, M.R. (2019). Structural education modeling of practical and Educational with the help of laser software. Mehraban Nashr Publications, Tehran. (In Persian)
Momeni, M. & Faalghumi, A. (2018). Statistical analysis using SPSS. Tehran, Moalef Publication. (In Persian)
Niu, K. (2010). Industrial cluster involvement and organizational adaptation. Competitiveness Review, 20(5), 395-406.
Osareh, F., yazdanfar, S. & ghasemi, A. (2015). The Application of Intellectual Capital Approach to Promote a Sustainable Competitive Advantage in the Public Libraries of Khuzestan Province. Research on Information Science & Public Libraries, 20(3), 495-512. (In Persian)
Peredo, A.M. & McLean, M. (2010). Indigenous Development and the Cultural Captivity of Entrepreneurship. Business & Society, 52(4), 592-620.
Roos, G., Bainbridge, A. & Jacobsen, K. (2001). Intellectual capital analysis as a strategic tool. Strategy & Leadership, 29(4), 21-26.
Salinas Fernandez, J.A., Azevedo, P.S., Martin Martin, J.M. & Rodriguez Martin, J.A. (2020). Determinants of tourism destination competitiveness in the countries most visited by international tourists: Proposal of a synthetic index. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33, 1-10.
Safari, A., Moshref Javadi, M.H. & Mirzaaiefar, M. (2017). The Effect of Intellectual Capital on Organizational Performance:The mediation Role of Organizational Agility and Competitive Advantage. Journal of Executive Management, 9(17), 149-168. (In Persian)
Schoar, A. (2010). The Divide between Subsistence and Transformational Entrepreneurship. in Lerner, J. and Stern, S. (Eds.), Innovation Policy and the Economy, 10, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 57-81.
Seleim, A. & Bontis, N. (2013). National Intellectual Capital and Economic Performance: Empirical Evidence from Developing Countries. Knowledge and Process Management, 20(3), 131-140.
Shrivastava, P. & Kennelly, J.J. (2013). Sustainability and Place-Based Enterprise. Organization & Environment, 26(1), 83-101.
Thomas, D.F. & Cross, J.E. (2007). Organizations as Place Builders. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 9(1), 33-61.
Toledo-Lَpez, A., Dیaz-Pichardo, R., Jiménez-Castaٌeda, J.C. & Sلnchez-Medina, P.S. (2012). Defining success in subsistence businesses. Journal of Business Research, 65(12), 1658-1664.
Yaseen, S.G., Dajani, D. & Hasan, Y. (2016). The impact of intellectual capital on the competitive advantage: Applied study in Jordanian telecommunication companies. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 168-175.
Yousef Boroujerdi, R., Siadat, S.A., Azizi, M. & Khaligipour, S.A. (2019). A Study of the Effect of Authentic Leadership Style on Staff Job Performance with Mediation of Organizational Virtuousness in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Executive Management, 11(22), 35-55. (In Persian)
Zevallos, E. (2003). Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in Latin America. CEPAL Review, 79, 51-68.