Ethical Marketing Management; Simulation of Islamic - Ethical Norms in Green Mix Marketing

Document Type : Management & Organization

Author

Faculty of Economics, Management and Administrative Sciences

Abstract

Although marketing science is an effective factor for humans to improve their life, it will lead to problems if not going about ethical issues, the right way. Marketing should be established on ethical norms. Green marketing is a modern approach to marketing explaining both environmentally friendly products and principles for all other aspects of marketing science. The green marketing and the ethical marketing are different from each other which may drop scholars into an ambiguous situation, if considered as the same thing. In this study, a casual model was initially designed to describe Islamic ethical norms in accordance with each component of green mix marketing built upon an ethical infrastructure. Then, ethical norms were connected to each other using system dynamics approach. Data was collected through in-library study and theme analysis method. To this end, we used several interviews with managers in vegetable oils and fats industry as the statistical population of this research. Mathematical equations were formulated by Vensim 6.4 to simulate scenarios. Eventually, results demonstrated that ethical management pertains to the Islamic ethical norms. Findings were classified in 4 sections including valuable goods, customer satisfaction, social relationship and accountability to distributors. Findings also showed ethics in green marketing leads to an increase in market demands, long term relations and buyer-seller profitability.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Abbas, A., Nisar, Q. A., Mahmood, M. A. H.,
Chenini, A., & Zubair, A. (2019). The
role of Islamic marketing ethics
towards customer satisfaction.
Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(4),
1001–1018, doi:10.1108/jima-11-
2017-0123.
Abdullah, K., & Ahmad, M.I. (2010)
Compliance to Islamic marketing
practices among businesses in
Malaysia, Journal of Islamic
Marketing, 1 (3), 286-297.
Abuznaid, S. (2012) Islamic marketing:
addressing the Muslim market, Al -
Najah Univ. J. Res. (Humanities), 26
(6), 1473-1503.
Adli Musa, M., Abd Sukor, M. E., Ismail, M.
N., & Fitri Elias, M. R. (2020). Islamic
business ethics and practices of
Islamic banks: Perceptions of
Islamic bank employees in Gulf
cooperation countries and
Malaysia. Journal of Islamic
Accounting and Business Research,
11 (5), 1009-1031,
https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR07-2016-0080.
Aji, H. M., & Dharmmesta, B. S. (2019).
Subjective norm vs dogmatism:
Christian consumer attitude
towards Islamic TV advertising.
Journal of Islamic Marketing,
doi:10.1108/jima-01-2017-0006.
Alhyasat, K.M.K. (2012). The role of Islamic
work ethics in developing
organizational citizenship behavior
at the Jordanian Press Foundations.
Journal of Islamic Marketing, 3(2),
139-154 .
Ali، J.A. (2005) Islamic perspectives on
management and organization,
Edward Elgar Publishing, UK.
Alserhan, B.A. (2010) On Islamic branding:
brands as good deeds, Journal of
Islamic Marketing, 1 (2), 101-106.
Aman, A. (2020). Islamic marketing ethics
for Islamic financial institutions.
International Journal of Ethics and
Systems, 36 (1), 1-11,
https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES12-2018-0182.
Amini Khiabani, Gh., & Hamdi, K. (2018).
The relationship between marketorientation culture and human
resource productivity: business
organizations in the focus. The
Journal of productivity in
Management, 12, 1(44), 157-179.
Amini Khiabani, Gh., Zarei, A., & Feiz, D.
(2020). Designing a sustainable
value chain using packaging
innovation; the role of ambidexterit
-y. Public Management Researches,
13(49), 189-215.
Arham, M. (2010) Islamic perspectives on
marketing, Journal of Islamic
Marketing, 1 (2), 149 - 164.
Bagheri, M., & Mohammaadi, M. (2019).
Islamic point of view concerning
components of customer relations
-hip management. Scientific
Journal of Islamic Management,
24(1), 105-130.
Baglione, S., & Zimmener, T. (2007) Ethic,
value & leadership belief and
practice, Chinese Management
Studies, 1(2), 111-125.
Barber, N. A., Bishop, M., & Gruen, T. (2014).
Who pays more (or less) for pro-
environmental consumer goods?
Using the auction method to assess
actual willingness-to-pay. Journal
of Environmental Psychology, 40,
218-227.
Bingham, F.G., Gomes, R., &Knowles, P.A.
(2016) Business marketing, Majid
Nourian, Tehran, Mobaleghan
publisher, 3.
Biswas, A., & Mousumi, R. (2015). Green
products: an exploratory study on
the consumer behavior in emerging
economies of the East. Journal of
Cleaner Production, 87, 463-468
Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006) Using
thematic analysis in psychology,
Qualitative research in psychology,
3 (2), 77-101.
Callahan, D., & Bruce J. (2015) Ethics and
public health: forging a strong
relationship, American Journal of
Public Health, 92 (2), 169-176.
Chen, M.F., & Mau, L.H. (2009) The impacts
of ethical sales behavior on
customer loyalty in the life
insurance industry, The Service
Industries Journal, 29, 59-74.
Chikweche, T., & Fletcher, R. (2012)
Revisiting marketing mix at the
bottom of pyramid: from
theoretical considerations to
practical realities, Journal of
Consumer Marketing, 29 (7), 507-
520.
Colabi, A. M., & Khodadad Hoseini, S. H.
(2020). Entrepreneurial ethics in
small and medium size enterprises
in Iran: the approach of Islamic
principles. Journal of Executive
Management, 12(23), 261-287.
Custis, T., Hoben, M., & Larse, P. (2019). Big
money, corruption, and black
markets. Sport, Business and
Management: An International
Journal, 9 (4), 399-415,
https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-09-
2018-0070.
Eskandari, S., & Irandoost, M. (2016). The
relationship between job ethics &
organizational citizenship behavior
with organizational performance.
Ethics in science and Technology.
10(4), 107-114.
Ferrell, O.C., & Ferrell, L. (2008) A Macro
marketing ethics framework:
stakeholder orientation and
distributive justice, Journal of
Macro marketing, 28 (1), 24-32.
Forrester, J.W. (1971) Principles of systems,
Productivity Press, Cambridge,
1971.
Gunatilake, S., & Perera, B. A. K. S. (2018).
Built environment sustainability:
what’s new and what’s next? Built
Environment Project and Asset
Management, 8(5), 430–433.
doi:10.1108/bepam-11-2018-135.
Hakemzadeh, F., Vazifehdoost, H., &
Haghshenas, F. (2021). Value ethical
model in entrepreneurial
marketing management. Ethical
Researches, 11(2), 289-314.
Hansen, J.D., & Riggle, R.J. (2009) Ethical
salesperson behavior in sales
relations, Journal of Personal
selling and Sales Management, 29
(2), 151-166.
Haque, A., Ahmed, K., & Jahan, S.I. (2010)
Shariah observation: advertising
practices of Bank muamalat in
Malaysia, Journal of Islamic
Marketing, 1 (1), 70-77.
Hariri, N., Abazari, Z., & Routan, S.Z. (2014)
Relationship between Islamic
ethics of work and employees
motivation, Human Resource
Studies, 3 (11), 66-86.
Hassan, A., Chachi, A., & Latiff, S.A. (2008)
Islamic marketing ethics and its
impact on customer satisfaction in
the Islamic banking industry,
Journal of Islamic Economy, 21 (1),
27-46.
Hoseini, M., & Yavari, M. (2014). , Ethical
challenges in viral marketing.
Research Quarterly in Islamic
Ethics, 7(25), 23-44.
Hsu, S. Y., Chang, C. C., & Lin, T. T. (2018).
Triple bottom line model and food
safety in organic food and
conventional food in affecting
perceived value and purchase
intentions. British Food Journal,
doi:10.1108/bfj-07-2017-0403
Jaiswal, D., & Kant, R. (2018). Green
purchasing behavior: A conceptual
framework and empirical investiga
-tion of Indian consumers. Journal
of Retailing and Consumer
Services, 41, 60-69
Kelchner, L. (2014) The importance of
ethics in organizations, Retrieved
http://smallbusiness.chron.com/i
mportance-ethicsorganizations20925.html.
Magrizos, S. (2020). Teaching business
ethics in a digital world. Journal of
Global Responsibility, (ahead-ofprint), doi:10.1108/jgr-02-2020-
0026.
Maleki, M., Amini khiabani, Gh., &
Khansari, Y. (2019). Value creation
for marketing capacities;
articulating entrepreneurship
orientation and market orientation
interactions: the mediating role of
innovative approach. Journal of
Business Management. 11(1), 87-104.
Matthews, J. (2014). Eight elements of an
ethical organization, Retrieved
from
http://www.entrepreneurship.org
Mohajan, H.K. (2012) Aspects of green
marketing: a prospect for
Bangladesh, International Journal
of Economics and Research, 3 (3), 1-
11.
Mohammadian, A., Mirbagheri, F., &
Ghorbani, A. (2020). Prioritizing
IOT Implications for Innovation in
Marketing Mix by Considering
Technological, Legal and Market
Factors in Iran. Journal of Executive
Management, 12(23), 125-148.
Mohebi, M. (2019). Relationship between
work ethics and information and
communication technology (ICT)
with development of electronic
marketing. Ethics in science and
Technology, 14(1), 137-139.
Moshabaki, A., Vahdati, H., & Moosavi, S. A.
(2012). Positive feeling about work
and work commitment is a bridge
between Islamic work ethic and
task performance. Journal of
Executive Management, 4(8), 111-
130.
Mosleh, A., & Allahyari, A. (2015). Ethics in
marketing: Ethical values
emphasized by Islam in marketing
management activities. Ethical
Researches, 8(28), 57-74.
Necati, A. (2020). Paradigmatic foundation
and moral axioms of ihsan ethics in
Islamic economics and business.
Journal of Islamic Accounting and
Business Research, 11 (2), 288-308,
https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-12-
2016-0146.

Nuseir, M. T. (2019). The impact of
electronic word of mouth (e-WOM)
on the online purchase intention of
consumers in the Islamic countries
– a case of (UAE). Journal of Islamic
Marketing, doi:10.1108/jima-03-
2018-0059.
Paço, A.M.F., & Raposo, M.L.B. (2010).
Green consumer market
segmentation: empirical findings
from Portugalijcs_869 429..436.
International Journal of Consumer
Studies, 34, 429-436;
Polonsky, M.J. (1994) An introduction to
green marketing, Electronic Green
Journal, 1 (2), 1- 10.
Rahmani, Z., Hosseini, M., Karimi, O., &
Hosseini Amiri, S. M. (2020).
Deliberating the role of islamic
teachings on the effectiveness of
advertising messages in the
consumer society faithful to
religious beliefs. Scientific Journal
of Islamic Management, 23(2), 121-
144.
Robbins, P. & Judge, A. (2016)
Organizational behavior, 17th
Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall.
Román, S. (2003) The impact of ethical
sales behavior on customer
satisfaction, Trust and Loyalty to
the Company: An Empirical Study
in the Financial Services Industry,
Journal of Marketing Management,
19 (9/10), 15-39.
Román, S., & Ruiz, S. (2005) Relationship
outcomes of perceived ethical sales
behavior: The customer’s
perspective, Journal of Business
Research, 58 (4), 439–450.
Rosenbaum, M. S., & Wong, I.A. (2015).
Green marketing programs as
strategic initiatives in hospitality.
Journal of Services Marketing,
29(2), 81-92.
Seyyed Javadin, S. R., Barari, M., &
Zabihzadeh, K. (2011). Ethics in
Banking and its effect on the
relationship between bank and
customer. Journal of Executive
Management, 3(5), 117-136.
Shafiq, A., Haque, A., Abdullah, K., & Jan, M.
T. (2017). Beliefs about Islamic
advertising: an exploratory study in
Malaysia. Journal of Islamic
Marketing, 8(3), 409–429,
doi:10.1108/jima-02-2015-0018.
Shuvo, S. D. (2018). Assessing food safety
and associated food hygiene and
sanitary practices in food
industries. Nutrition & Food
Science, 48(1), 111–124,
doi:10.1108/nfs-03-2017-0049
Sterman, J.D. (2000). Business dynamics:
systems thinking and modeling for
a complex world. Boston, MA: Irwin
McGraw Hill.
Svensson, G., and Wood, G. (2004) Codes
of ethics best practice in the
Swedish public sector: A PUBSECscale, The International Journal of
Public Sector Management, 17 (2),
178-195.
Taheri, M., Zanjirchi, M., & Nejatian, M.
(2011). The effects of work ethics on
enhancement of organizational
citizenship behavior. Ethics in
science and Technology, 6(2), 30-
39.
Trivedi, H.R., Patel, J.D., & Acharya, N.
(2018). Causality analysis of media
influence on environmental
attitude, intention and behaviors
leading to green purchasing.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 196,

Tsao, W. C., & Mau, T. C. (2019). Ethics in
social media marketing. Aslib
Journal of Information
Management, doi:10.1108/ajim-04-
2018-0080.
Ustaahmetoğlu, E. (2020). The influence of
different advertisement messages
and levels of religiosity on attitude
and purchase intention.
International Journal of Islamic and
Middle Eastern Finance and
Management, 13(2), 339–356,
doi:10.1108/imefm-02-2019-0064.
Wang, Sh., Chan, K., & Han, K. (2019).
Impacts of social welfare system on
the employment status of lowincome groups in urban China.
Public Administration and Policy,
22 (2), 125-137,
https://doi.org/10.1108/PAP-09-
2019-0020.
Warfield, J.N. (1974) Developing
interconnection matrices in
structural modeling. IEEE Trans,
System of Management Cybernetic,
4, 81–87.
Wiengarten, F., Lam, H. K. S. & Fan, D.
(2020). Value creation through
expanding the online distribution
channel. Industrial Management &
Data Systems, 120 (4), 714-729,
https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS08-2019-0424.
Yusuf, J.B. (2010) Ethical implications of
sales promotion in Ghana: Islamic
perspective, Journal of Islamic
Marketing, 1 (3), 220 - 230.