Development of a Model for Choosing ICT-Based Businesses according to the Maturity Level of Smart Cities

Document Type : Technology

Authors

1 PhD Student of Information Technology Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

3 PhD Student of Science and Technology Policy, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

ICT businesses are the cornerstone of smart city development. Indeed, despite the need to pay close attention to the development of ICT businesses and smart cities, there is still no clear model to ensure the integration of these two categories at the enterprise level and business environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide a model that explains the possibility of value creation of ICT businesses in proportion to the level of intellectual maturity of the city. For this purpose, in the present research, the methodology of design science was used to design the model for selecting ICT businesses appropriate to the level of maturity of the smart city. In this regard, first, the business model and smart city maturity models were examined and then the business canvas and the IDC model were selected as the selected models, respectively. Then, the conceptual model of the research was designed based on the SWOT matrix structure, so that the business canvas was considered as the internal factors of the matrix and the combination of the IDC model and CIMI index as the external factors of the matrix. Finally, a conceptual model for the study was implemented and based on its application, considerations were extracted. According to the results, the business managers should choose an environment that suits their business needs appropriate to their proposed model. Moreover, urban managers and policymakers can use the proposed model to guide firms and institutions in line with the policies and goals of the smart city development.

Keywords

References

  1. Afonso, R. A., dos Santos Brito, K., do Nascimento, C. H., Garcia, V. C., & Álvaro, A. (2015). Brazilian smart cities: using a maturity model to measure and compare inequality in cities.

    Al-Hader, M., Rodzi, A., Sharif, A. R., & Ahmad, N. (2009). Smart City Components Architicture. 93-97.

    Aljēna, A. (2014). Business model designing tool–filling the gap between philosophy and reality. INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO BUSINESS EDUCATION-SELECTED ISSUES, 7.

    Anthopoulos, L., Fitsilis, P., & Ziozias, C. (2016). What is the Source of Smart City Value?: A Business Model Analysis. International Journal of Electronic Government Research (IJEGR), 12(2), 56-76.

    Becker, J., Knackstedt, R., & Pöppelbuß, J. (2009). Developing maturity models for IT management. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 1(3), 213-222.

    Ben Letaifa, S. (2015). How to strategize smart cities: Revealing the SMART model. Journal of Business Research, 68(7), 1414-1419.

    Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2016). Big data analytics and context–aware computing for smart sustainable cities of the future. NOBIDS Conference.

    Bifulco, F., Tregua, M., Amitrano, C. C., & D'Auria, A. (2016). ICT and sustainability in smart cities management. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 29(2), 132-147.

    Blythe, C. (2014). Business Models for value generation in the Internet of Things. Data-and Value-Driven Software Engineering with Deep Customer Insight, 8.

    Bocken, N., Short, S., Rana, P., & Evans, S. (2013). A value mapping tool for sustainable business modelling. Corporate Governance, 13(5), 482-497.

    Bordea, G., Pane, E. S., & Sarno, R. (2015). The Third Information Systems International Conference 2015 Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) for Optimizing Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD). Procedia Computer Science, 72, 40-48.

    Bouwman, W., De Reuver, M., Solaimani, S., Daas, D., Haaker, T., Janssen, W., Iske, P., & Walenkamp, B. (2012, 2012). Business models: Tooling and a research agenda.

    CAICT. (2016). Smart City Trends and Developments. In Comparative Study of Smart Cities in Europe and China 2014 (pp. 5-39). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

    Clarke, R. Y. (2013). IDC Government Insights' Smart City Maturity Model_IDC.

    El Sawy, O. A., & Pereira, F. (2013b). VISOR: A Unified Framework for Business Modeling in the Evolving Digital Space. In Business Modelling in the Dynamic Digital Space (pp. 21-35). Springer.

    Ferro, E., Caroleo, B., Leo, M., Osella, M., & Pautasso, E. (2013). The Role of ICT in Smart Cities Governance Conference for Democracy & Open Government.

    Frost. (2014). Global Smart Cities market to reach US$1.56 trillion by 2020.

    Giffinger, R., Fertner, C., Kramar, H., Kalasek, R., Pichler-Milanovic, N., & Meijers, E. (2007). Smart cities—Ranking of European medium-sized cities.

    Haaker, T., Bouwman, H., Janssen, W., & de Reuver, M. (2017). Business model stress testing: A practical approach to test the robustness of a business model. Futures, 89, 14-25.

    Hadiani, Z., Ahadnezhad, M., Kazemizad, S., Ghanbari, H. (2012). Strategic planning for tourism development by SWOT method (case study: Shiraz city) [In Persian]. Geography and Environmental Planning, 23(3), 111-132.

    Hanafizadeh, P., Hanafizadeh, M. R., & Khodabakhshi, M. (2009). Taxonomy of e-readiness assessment measures. International Journal of Information Management, 29(189–195).

    Harrison, C., Eckman, B., Hamilton, R., Hartswick, P., Kalagnanam, J., Paraszczak, J., & Williams, P. (2010). Foundations for smarter cities. IBM J. Res. Dev., 54(4), 350-365.

    IESE. (2016). IESE Cities in Motion Index.

    1. (2020). Smart City Index 2020. IMD.

    Ju, J., Kim, M.-S., & Ahn, J.-H. (2016). Prototyping Business Models for IoT Service. Procedia Computer Science, 91, 882-890.

    Kenneally, J., Prendergast, D., Maccani, G., Donnellan, B., & Helfert, M. (2014). Sustainable Connected Cities: Vision and Blueprint towards Managing IT for City Prosperity and Sustainability. In M. Helfert, B. Donnellan, & J. Kenneally (Eds.), (pp. 88-98). Springer International Publishing.

    Kerrigan, M. (2013). A capability maturity model for digital investigations. Digital Investigation, 10(1), 19-33.

    Kobayashi, T., & Ikaruga, S. (2015). Development of a smart city planning support tool using the cooperative method. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 4(4), 277-284.

    Korachi, Z., & Bounabat, B. (2018). Data driven maturity model for assessing smart cities. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series

    Kuechler, B., & Vaishnavi, V. (2008). On theory development in design science research: anatomy of a research project. European Journal of Information Systems, 17(5), 489-504.

    Lee, J. H., Phaal, R., & Lee, S.-H. (2013). An integrated service-device-technology roadmap for smart city development. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 80(2), 286-306.

    Mani, D., & Shankhadeep. (2015). Smart City Maturity Model (SCMM). ISBInsight.

    Marsal-Llacuna, M.-L., & Segal, M. E. (2016). The Intelligenter Method (I) for making “smarter” city projects and plans. Cities, 55, 127-138.

    Marsal-Llacuna, M.-L., Colomer-Llinàs, J., & Meléndez-Frigola, J. (2015). Lessons in urban monitoring taken from sustainable and livable cities to better address the Smart Cities initiative. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 90, 611-622.

    Molinari, F. (2012). Innovative business models for smart cities: Overview of recent trends.

    McKinsey (2013). How to make a city great.

    Mettler, T. (2011). Maturity assessment models: a design science research approach. International Journal of Society Systems Science, 3(1-2), 81-98.

    Oates, B. J. (2005). Researching information systems and computing. Sage.

    Osterwalder, A. (2004). The business model ontology: A proposition in a design science approach.

    Osterwalder, A., & Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers. John Wiley & Sons.

    Pöppelbuß, J., & Röglinger, M. (2011). What makes a useful maturity model? a framework of general design principles for maturity models and its demonstration in business process management.

    Shang-hai, L. (2013). Research on the Business Model of Smart City Construction and Operation in China. Future and Development, 8, 007.

    Smartcitygovt (2018). Top 50 Smart City Governments.

    Sustainability Outlook. (2014). Shaping New Age Urban Systems Energy, Connectivity & Climate Resilience (4TH ANNUAL SUMMIT OF THE SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS LEADERSHIP FORUM, Issue.

    Tarhan, A., Turetken, O., & Reijers, H. A. (2016). Business process maturity models: A systematic literature review. Information and Software Technology, 75, 122-134.

    Tavares Thomé, A. M., Scavarda, L. F., Fernandez, N. S., & Scavarda, A. J. (2012). Sales and operations planning: A research synthesis. International Journal of Production Economics, 138(1), 1-13.

    Torrinha, P., & Machado, R. J. (2017). Assessment of maturity models for smart cities supported by maturity model design principles. 2017 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid and Smart Cities, ICSGSC 2017,

    Townsend, A. M. (2013). Smart cities: Big data, civic hackers, and the quest for a new utopia. WW Norton & Company.

    United Nations University. (2016). Smart Sustainable Cities: Reconnaissance Study.

    United Nations. (2011). Population distribution, urbanization, internal migration and development: An international perspective. New York: United Nations Department of Economics and Social Affairs.

    Urbantide. (2014). Smart Cities Maturity Model and Self‐Assessment Tool.

    Vaishnavi, V., & Kuechler, W. (2004). Design research in information systems.

    Walravens, N. (2012). Mobile business and the smart city: Developing a business model framework to include public design parameters for mobile city services. Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research, 7(3), 121-135.

    Walravens, N. (2013). Case study validation of a business model framework for smart city services: Fixmystreet and london bike app. IT Converg. Pract, 1(3), 22-38.

    Walravens, N. (2015b). Qualitative indicators for smart city business models: The case of mobile services and applications. Telecommunications Policy, 39(3–4), 218-240.

    Walravens, N., & Ballon, P. (2013). Platform business models for smart cities: from control and value to governance and public value. IEEE Communications Magazine, 51(6), 72-79.

    Weiller, C., & Neely, A. (2013). Business model design in an ecosystem context. University of Cambridge, Cambridge Service Alliance.

    Weiller, C., & Neely, A. (2013). Business model design in an ecosystem context. University of Cambridge, Cambridge Service Alliance.

    Westerlund, M., Leminen, S., & Rajahonka, M. (2014). Designing business models for the internet of things. Technology Innovation Management Review, 4(7), 5.

    Zehir, C., Erzengin Özdemir, E., Tahri, H., & Drissi-Kaitouni, O. (2015). PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3rd INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LEADERSHIP, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENTNew Design for Calculating Project Management Maturity (PMM). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 181, 171-177.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 12 December 2021
  • Revise Date: 23 February 2022
  • Accept Date: 05 March 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics