اخلاق کارآفرینان در کسب‌وکارهای کوچک و متوسط ایران: رویکرد مبانی اسلامی

نوع مقاله : مدیریت و سازمان(اخلاق و مسئولیت اجتماعی، رهبری و تحول سازمانی، عملکرد سازمانی، ریسک، مدیریت منابع سازمانی، سطوح تحلیل سازمانی، بلوغ سازمانی، آسیب­‌شناسی سازمانی، نظام اداری، . . . )

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، استادیار گروه مدیریت‌ بازرگانی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

اخلاق و عوامل شکل­ دهنده‌ی آن از مهم­ترین موارد تأثیرگذار بر سرنوشت بنگاه­های اقتصادی و کسب‌وکارهای کارآفرینانه می­باشند. لذا هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی و ارائه مدل اخلاق کارآفرینان در کسب‌وکارهای کوچک و متوسط ایرانی است. به‌ منظور نیل به این هدف چارچوب پژوهشی آمیخته اکتشافی انتخاب شده‌است. نمونه انتخاب شده در مرحله کیفی شامل 10 نفر از کارآفرینان برتر و ملی معرفی شده از سوی وزارت کار و امور اجتماعی و نمونه‌ی آماری مرحله کمی 147 نفر از کارآفرینان برتر هستند. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها در مرحله کیفی بررسی متون اسلامی و احادیث و روایات همچنین انجام مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته می‌باشد؛ در مرحله کمی نیز از پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته استفاده شده است. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده­های کیفی روش تحلیل محتوا بکار گرفته شده و داده­های کمی نیز با استفاده از نرم افزارهای معادلات ساختاری تجزیه و تحلیل شده­اند. نتایج بیانگر آن است که عوامل موثر بر اخلاق کارآفرینان به ترتیب شامل عوامل اخلاقی کسب‌وکار در سیره انبیا و احادیث و روایات، اخلاق حرفه‌ای در محیط کلان کسب‌وکار، اخلاق حرفه‌ای در سطح سازمانی و اخلاق حرفه‌ای در سطح فردی می‌باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Entrepreneural Ethics in Small and Medium Size Enterprises in Iran: The Approach of Islamic Principles

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Mohammad Colabi 1
  • Seyed Hamid Khodadad Hosseini 2
1 Assistant professor, , Department of Management,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Department Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Ethics and its determinants are of the most important factors influencing the fate of firms and entrepreneurial businesses. Nowadays, the growing attention to ethical issues in workplaces has caused the organizations tend to set ethical codes. However, the results of recent studies show that the ethical organizations will obtain more benefits over a long period and will gain better performance. So this issue has caused the ethical values of organization be an important part of the organization’s culture. So, the purpose of this study is identifying factors affecting entrepreneurial ethics in small and medium-sized businesses in Iran. The study is done using exploratory mixed method. The sample in qualitative part composed of 10 excellent national entrepreneurs acclaimed by Ministry of labor and social Affairs and in quantitative part includes 147 excellent entrepreneurs. Data collected by reviewing the literature and interviewing for qualitative purpose and by researcher-made questionnaire for quantitative part. Content analysis is done to analyze the qualitative data and quantitative data is analyzed using structural equation modelling software. The results show that ethical factors in Prophetic Sirah and narrations, professional ethics in individual and organizational levels and in micro and macro business environments are the main factors affecting entrepreneurial ethics.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ethics
  • Business Ethics
  • Professional Ethics of Entrepreneurs
  • Islamic Entrepreneurship
  • Small and Medium enterprises
The Holy Quran, Translated by Naser Makarem Shirazi.
Abdollahzade, G., Sharifzadeh, M., & Arabiun, A. (2015). Identifying Conceptual Ethical Components of Agri-Business: Perception Cluster Analysis. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 8(2), 253-271. [in Persian].
Agarwal, J. (1999). Ethical work climate dimensions in a not-for-profit organization: an empirical study. Journal of Business Ethics,20 (1), 1–14.
Alikhani, A. (2002). Cultural conflict between Islam and the West in International Relations, Army Cultural Center Publication, 23(1), 49-72. [in Persian].
Amedi, A (1987). Ghurar al-Hikam and Durar al-Kalim. Tehran: Tehran University Publications.
Arend, R. J. (2013). Ethics-focused dynamic capabilities: A small business perspective. Small Business Economics, 41(1), 1-24.
Baron, R. A. (1998). Cognitive mechanism in entrepreneurship: Why and when entrepreneurs think differently than other people. Journal of Business Venturing, 13(1), 275–294.
Buchholz, R. A., & Rosenthal, S. B. (2005). The spirit of entrepreneurship and the qualities of moral decision making. Journal of Business Ethics, 60(3), 307– 315.
Dadgar, Y., & Gholamzadeh, A. (2010). Analysis of entrepreneurship in 70 years in Iran. Economic Research Journal, 10(2), 61-90. [in Persian].
Dees, J. G., & Starr, J. A. (1992). Entrepreneurship through an Ethical Lens: Dilemmas and Issues for Research and Practice Issue 81 of Working paper series. Boston: Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, Snider Entrepreneurial Center, 81, 92.
Dey, P., & Steyaert, C. (2016). Rethinking the space of ethics in social entrepreneurship: Power, subjectivity, and practices of freedom. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(4), 627–641.
Dunham, L., McVea, J., & Freeman, R. E. (2008). Entrepreneurial wisdom: incorporating the ethical and strategic dimensions of entrepreneurial decision-making. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business6(1), 8-19.
Ghavami, S. (2008). Management from the perspective of Scripture and Tradition, Ghom: Tebyan Institute of Culture and Information. [in Persian].
Goel, M., & Ramanathan, P. E. (2014). Business ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility-Is there a dividing line. Procedia Economics and Finance11(1), 49-59.
Hamzehpoor, M. (2019). The Pattern of Ethical Entrepreneurship Development for Small and Medium Businesses. Ethics in science and Technology, 14(1), 96-102. [in Persian].
Hannafey, F. T. (2003). Entrepreneurship and ethics: A literature review. Journal of Business Ethics, 46(1), 99–110.
Harrani, I. Sh. (1984). Tohaf ol Oghool. Qom: Jamee modarresin.
Harris, J. D., Sapienza, H. J., & Bowie, N. E. (2009). Ethics and entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(1), 407-418.
Hezarjaribi, J. (2010). Entrepreneurship and Islamic Ethic. Social Sciences, 16(47), 1-35.
Khanifar, H., Hosseini Fard, S., Dehghan Ashkezary, M., & Chezani Sharahi, I. (2013). Study of the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Personality Characteristics and Islamic Moral Components. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 5(4), 47-66. [in Persian].
Kulaini, M. Y. (1990). Usool al-Kafi. Tehran: Darolketab slamiye Publication.
Laufer, W. S., & Robertson, D. C. (1997). Corporate ethics initiatives as social control. Journal of Business Ethics, 16(1), 1029–1048.
Majlesi, M. (1987). Behar Alanvar, Tehran: Darolketab slamiye Publication.
Maleki, A.H., Gholipour, A., & Abedi Jafari, H. (2009).  Effect of religious beliefs on tendency to starting a new business. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 1 (3), 11-34. [in Persian].
Mesbah Yazdi, M.T. (2001). Ethic philosophy. Tehran: International Publication Inc. [in Persian].
Mohammadi Elyasi, G., Badli, Z. (2015). Environmental factors influencing on ethical decision making of novice businesses. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 8(1), 175-193. [in Persian].
Morris, M. H., Schimdehutte, M., Walton, J., Allen, J. (2002). The  ethical context of entrepreneurship: proposing and testing a developmental framework. Journal of Business Ethics, 40, 331–361.
Murphy, P. E. (1988). Implementing business ethics. Journal of business ethics, 1, 907-915.‏
Notash, H., Mohammadi elyasi, G., & Rezaee zade, M. (2017). Identifying the general competencies of Iranian cluster development agents. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 9(4), 769-788. [in Persian].
Rachels, J. (1986). Kantian theory: the idea of human dignity. The elements of moral philosophy, 114-117.
Rogers, D.T. (1978). The work ethic in industrial America1850-1920. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1947). The creative response in economic history. The Journal of Economic History, 7(2), 149-159.
Serwinek, P. J. (1992). Demographic and related differences in ethical views among small business.  Journal of Business Ethics, 11(4), 555–566.
Seyed Razi, M. H. (1999), Nahjul Balaqe, Tehran:Payame Azadi Publications.
Solymossy, E., & Masters, J. K. (2002). Ethics through an entrepreneurial lens: theory and observation. Journal of Business Ethics, 38, 227–241.
Vallaster, C., Kraus, S., Lindahl, J. M. M., & Nielsen, A. (2019). Ethics and entrepreneurship: A bibliometric study and literature review. Journal of Business Research, 99, 226-237.
Vohra, J.C.  (2006). Business Ethics, SBS publishers and distributors. New Delhi: Pvt. Ltd.