عوامل مؤثر برشکل‌گیری رفتار کارآفرینانة دانشجویان دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان

نوع مقاله : مدیریت کارآفرینی( مدیریت کسب­‌وکار، فرایندهای کسب­‌وکار، سیاست‌های کارآفرینانه، کارآفرینی سازمانی، اکوسیستم کارآفرینی، فضای کسب­‌وکار، مدل‌های کسب­‌وکار، چرخه حیات کسب و کارها، . . . )

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه کارآفرینی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

2 نویسنده مسئول، استادیار گروه کارآفرینی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش، تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر شکل‌گیری رفتار کارآفرینانة دانشجویان دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان است. مطالعات داخلی به بررسی محدود برخی از متغیرهای حوزه کارآفرینی پرداخته‌اند. لذا در این مقاله، ضمن بررسی مبانی نظری و مطالعات پیشین، مدل مفهومی پژوهش با اثرگذاری متغیرهای اصلی شامل هوشیاری‌ کارآفرینانه، قصد کارآفرینانه، ویژگی رقابت و شخصیت پیش‌گام بر رفتار کارآفرینانه و برهم‌کنش میان متغیرها تصریح شد. روابط میان متغیرها با رهیافت معادلات ساختاری تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که در بین دانشجویان دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان «هوشیاری کارآفرینانه» اثر مهم و معناداری بر «قصد کارآفرینانه» دارد و در مقابل، «ویژگی رقابت»، اثر معناداری بر «قصد کارآفرینانه» ندارد و اثر تقاطی «ویژگی رقابت و هوشیاری‌ کارآفرینانه» بر «قصد کارآفرینانه»، معنادار نیست. از طرفی، «قصد کارآفرینانه» اثر مثبت و چشمگیری بر «رفتار کارآفرینانه» دارد و «شخصیت پیش‌گام»، دارای اثر مثبت و معناداری بر شکل‌گیری «رفتار کارآفرینانه» است. به‌علاوه، اثر «قصد کارآفرینانه» بر «رفتار کارآفرینانه»، تحت تأثیر مقادیر بالا یا کم «شخصیت پیش‌گام» قرار نمی‌گیرد، هر چند «شخصیت پیش‌گام» بر «رفتار کارآفرینانه» مؤثر است. بنابراین، اثر تقاطی «شخصیت پیش‌گام و قصد کارآفرینانه» بر «رفتار کارآفرینانه» معنادار نیست. با توجه به متغیرهای «رفتار کارآفرینانه» به‌عنوان متغیر وابسته و «قصد کارافرینانه» به‌عنوان متغیر وابسته، قدرت برازش مدل ساختاری، متوسط ارزیابی می‌شود. از میان متغیرهای کنترلی، تنها دو متغیر «شرکت در دوره‌های کارآفرینی» و «تجربه کسب درآمد»، دارای ضرایب معنادار هستند، به‌گونه‌ای که شرکت در دوره‌های‌ کارآفرینی بر قصد کارآفرینانه، و تجربه کسب درآمد بر رفتار کارآفرینانه، مؤثر است. در پایان، پیشنهادهای کاربردی برای سوق‌دهی دانشجویان از هوشیاری‌ کارآفرینانه به رفتار کارآفرینانه، پیشنهادهای سیاست‌گذاری و همچنین، پیشنهادهایی برای انجام پژوهش‌های آتی، ارائه شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effective Factors on the Formation of Entrepreneurial Behavior of Students of the University of Sistan and Baluchestan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hakima Vaezi 1
  • Mehdi Zivdar 2
1 M.A. Student,, Department of Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Management and Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
2 Corresponding Author, Assistant Professor, Department of Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Management and Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the formation of entrepreneurial behavior of students of the University of Sistan and Baluchestan. Internal studies have conducted a limited study of some variables in the field of entrepreneurship. Therefore, in this article, by examining the theoretical foundations and previous studies, the conceptual model of research with the influence of main variables including, entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneurial intent, trait competitiveness, and proactive personality over entrepreneurial behavior and interaction between variables were identified. The relationships between the variables were analyzed with the structural equation approach. The results showed that among students of the University of Sistan and Baluchestan, entrepreneurial awareness has an important and significant effect on entrepreneurial intent.  In contrast, trait competitiveness (TC) does not have a significant effect on entrepreneurial intent (EI), and cross-competence of competitiveness and entrepreneurial awareness (EA * TC) does not have a significant effect on entrepreneurial intent. Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial behavior (EB). Proactive personality (PP) has a positive and significant effect on the formation of entrepreneurial behavior (EB). The effect of entrepreneurial intent (EI) on entrepreneurial behavior (EB) is not affected by high or low values of proactive personality, although proactive personality is effective on entrepreneurial behavior. Therefore, the intersecting effect of proactive personality and entrepreneurial intention (PP * EI) on entrepreneurial behavior is not significant. For the two variables, entrepreneurial behavior as a dependent variable and for entrepreneurial intent as a dependent variable indicates that the fitting power of the structural model is moderate. Among the control variables, only two variables of participation in entrepreneurship courses and income earning experience have significant coefficients that participation in entrepreneurship courses is effective on entrepreneurial intent and income earning experience is effective on entrepreneurial behavior. Finally, practical suggestions for mobilizing students from entrepreneurial awareness to entrepreneurial behavior are presented.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurial Alertness
  • Entrepreneurial Intention
  • Entrepreneurial Behavior
  • Trait Competitiveness
  • Proactive Personality
Amini, A., & Hoseini S. S. (2017). An Exploration of Women's Entrepreneurial Intelligence Characteristics: a qualitative research using conventional content analysis. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 10(2): 359-374. [In Persian]
Brandstätter, H. (2011). Personality aspects of entrepreneurship: A look at five meta-analyses. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(3): 222-230.
Campos, H. M. (2016). The role of creativity in mediating the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial alertness. Revista brasileira de gestão de negócios, 18(61), 457-472.
Crant, J. M. (1996). The proactive personality scale as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of small business management, 34, 42-49.
Dehghani Ashkazari, M. R., Asgari, E., Hoseini, M., & Dehghan Najmabadi, A. (2017). The effect of ethical behavior of women entrepreneurs with the mediating role of entrepreneurial awareness on business performance. Cultural-Educational Journal of Women and Family, 2(41), 45-58. [In Persian]
Farahani, A. (2019). Structural Restrictive Factors of Employment and Entrepreneurship in Sport of Iran (Case Study: Private Clubs). Applied Research in Sport Management, 7(3): 33-44. [In Persian]
Ferreira, J. J., Fernandes, C. I., & Raposo, M. L. (2018). Measuring and understanding the psychological effects of entrepreneurial intentions: Multigroup analysis. In Inside the Mind of the Entrepreneur (pp. 17-31). Springer, Cham.
Fuller, B., Liu, Y., Bajaba, S., Marler, L. E., & Pratt, J. (2018). Examining how the personality, self-efficacy, and anticipatory cognitions of potential entrepreneurs shape their entrepreneurial intentions. Personality and Individual Differences, 125, 120-125.
Gholami, H., Alambeigi, A., Safa, L., & Darini, R. (2015). The Effect of Entrepreneurial Competencies on Entrepreneurial Alertness (Case study: Agricultural Consulting Services Enterprises, Kerman province). Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 8(3): 551-570. [In Persian]
Hensler, J., Ringle, C., & Sinkovics, R. (2009). The use of patial least square based multi group analysis: in. advance in international marketing 20. Nunnaly, J., & Bernsten, I. (1994). Psychometric theory.
Hu, R., Wang, L., Zhang, W., & Bin, P. (2018). Creativity, proactive personality, and entrepreneurial intention: the role of entrepreneurial alertness. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 951.
Hu, R., & Ye Y. (2017). Do entrepreneurial alertness and self-efficacy predict Chinese sports major students' entrepreneurial intention?. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 45(7), 1187-1196.
Imani, A., Hosseinifar, A., & Ahang, F. (2018). Impact of Social Networks on Digital Entrepreneurship with the Role of Mediating Opportunity Recognition (Case Study: Knowledge Base Companies at Technology and Science Park in Kerman). Management Researches, 11(41), 287-312. [In Persian]
Kautonen, T., Van Gelderen, M., & Fink, M. (2015). Robustness of the theory of planned behavior in predicting entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 39(3), 655-674.
Kawousi, R. (2018). Entrepreneurship is an opportunity to solve social ills. Roshd Online Magazine, avilabel at: www. samanketab.roshedmag.ir [In Persian]
Kerr, C. (2001). The uses of the university. Harvard University Press.
Kirby, E. G., Kirby, S. L., & Lewis, M. A. (2002). A Study of the Effectiveness of Training Proactive Thinking 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(7), 1538-1549.
Kirzner, I. M. (1979). Perception, opportunity, and profit: Studies in the theory of entrepreneurship. University of Chicago press, Chicago.
Lance, C. E., Butts, M. M., & Michels, L. C. (2006). The sources of four commonly reported cutoff criteria: What did they really say?. Organizational research methods, 9(2), 202-220.
Major, D. A., Holland, J. M., & Oborn, K. L. (2012). The influence of proactive personality and coping on commitment to STEM majors. The Career Development Quarterly, 60(1), 16-24.
Moradi, E. (2018). University of Sistan and Baluchestan transformation document. University of Sistan and Baluchestan. [In Persian]
Moradi, M., Imanipour N., Arasti, Z., & Mohammad, K. R. (2018). Identification of different dimensions of entrepreneurial intention in poor people based on the capabilities approach. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development. 11(2): 361-380. [In Persian]
Munir, H., Jianfeng, C., & Ramzan, S. (2019). Personality traits and theory of planned behavior comparison of entrepreneurial intentions between an emerging economy and a developing country. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research.
Murugesan, R., & Dominic P. (2013). Influencing entrepreneurial intentions: the role of attitudes and personality constructs. International Journal of Business Excellence, 6(6), 687-701.
Naeiji, M. J., & E. Ebrahimi (2017). The Effect of Entrepreneurship Training on Entrepreneurial Mindset: Mediating Role of Creativity and Entrepreneurial Alertness (Organizations of MOD). Innovation Management Journal, 6(1), 36-50. [In Persian]
Nemati, M. (2013). Investigating the entrepreneurial personality traits of Tehran state university students. Two Quarterly Journal of Innovation and Value Creation, 3(1), 15-34. [In Persian]
Ndofirepi, T. M. (2020). Relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial goal intentions: psychological traits as mediators. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 2.
Neneh, B. N. (2019). From entrepreneurial alertness to entrepreneurial behavior: The role of trait competitiveness and proactive personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 138, 273-279.
Obschonka, M., & Hahn E. (2018). Personal agency in newly arrived refugees: The role of personality, entrepreneurial cognitions and intentions, and career adaptability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 105, 173-184.
Obschonka, M., Hakkarainen, K., Lonka, K., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2017). Entrepreneurship as a twenty-first century skill: entrepreneurial alertness and intention in the transition to adulthood. Small Business Economics, 48(3), 487-501.
Premand, P., Brodmann, S., Almeida, R., Grun, R., & Barouni, M. (2016). Entrepreneurship education and entry into self-employment among university graduates. World Development, 77, 311-327.
Roundy, P. T., Harrison, D. A., Khavul, S., Pérez-Nordtvedt, L., & McGee, J. E. (2018). Entrepreneurial alertness as a pathway to strategic decisions and organizational performance. Strategic Organization, 16(2), 192-226.
Safa L., Alambeigi A., & Gholami, H. (2016). Examining Validity and Reliability of Entrepreneurial Alertness Scale among Agricultural Graduates in Agricultural Commercial Companies in Kerman Province. Agricultural extension and education research Journal, 9(1), 57-78. [In Persian]
Samo, A. H., & Hashim, N. (2016). The impact of entrepreneurial alertness on entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of International Business Research and Marketing, 1(6), 7-11.
Saremi, M., & Alizade Sani, M. K. (2009). Factors Affecting the Trend of Opportunities Recognition Among Top Entrepreneurs. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 2(1), 103-122. [In Persian]
Schrock, W. A., Hughes, D. E., Fu, F. Q., Richards, K. A., & Jones, E. (2016). Better together: Trait competitiveness and competitive psychological climate as antecedents of salesperson organizational commitment and sales performance. Marketing letters, 27(2), 351-360.
Shafie, M., & Mahdi, R. (2018). Role-building and capacity building of fourth generation universities for local and regional development. Journal of Industry and University, 10(36), 1-22. [In Persian]
Shane, S. (2012). Reflections on the 2010 AMR decade award: Delivering on the promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 37(1), 10-20.
Shayan, M., Shaemi Barzaki, A., & Teymouri, H. (2019). The impact of prior knowledge on entrepreneurial success with the mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness (The case of fast food businesses in the city of Isfahan). Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 12(1), 82-100. [In Persian]
Shi, Y., Yuan, T., Bell, R., & Wang, J. (2020). Investigating the Relationship Between Creativity and Entrepreneurial Intention: The Moderating Role of Creativity in the Theory of Planned Behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1209.
Shinnar, R. S., Hsu, D. K., Powell, B. C., & Zhou, H. (2018). Entrepreneurial intentions and start-ups: Are women or men more likely to enact their intentions?. International Small Business Journal, 36(1), 60-80.
Shirokova, G., Osiyevskyy, O., & Bogatyreva, K. (2016). Exploring the intention–behavior link in student entrepreneurship: Moderating effects of individual and environmental characteristics. European Management Journal, 34(4), 386-399.
Tang, J., Kacmar, K. M. M., & Busenitz, L. (2012). Entrepreneurial alertness in the pursuit of new opportunities. Journal of Business Venturing, 27(1), 77-94.
Trani, E. P., & Holsworth, R. D. (2010). The indispensable university: Higher education, economic development, and the knowledge economy. R&L Education.
Uy, M. A., Chan, K. Y., Sam, Y. L., Ho, M. H. R., & Chernyshenko, O. S. (2015). Proactivity, adaptability and boundaryless career attitudes: The mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 86, 115-123.
Van Gelderen, M., Kautonen, T., & Fink, M. (2015). From entrepreneurial intentions to actions: Self-control and action-related doubt, fear, and aversion. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(5), 655-673.
Yaghoubi, N., Dehghani, M., & Omidvar, M. (2019). Entrepreneurial University Agility Model with Knowledge Management Approach. Management Researches12(43), 185-204. [In Persian]
Yamani dozi sorkhabi, M. (2001). An introduction to the performance of academic systems. Shahid Beheshti University Press. [In Persian]